Step through through the QT movie by clicking the frame advance button. ( This is not really where the electrons go but it will demonstrate the point we want to make.) The n=2 shell is full the n=2 shell can hold 8 electrons, 2 in the s orbital and 6 in the p orbitals. The eleventh electron would have to go into the next principal quantum level, n=3. The next eight electrons fit into the n=2 shell.Īdding the fifth H to the molecule would increase the count of electrons around the C atom to eleven. The first two electrons fit into the n=1 shell. Where are these ten electrons going to go? With four H's present there are ten electrons aroung the C atom. Lets stop and count electrons around the carbon and think about where they are. If a fifth H atom comes by, its electrons will not experience an attraction to the C nuclii. The same thing can be said for methane, CH 4.Ī C atom will attract electrons until four H's have taken position around the C atom.
So, the energy of two hydrogenatoms is lower when the two atoms are together than when the twoatoms are apart that is why they stay together. Single sided arrows represent attraction.īecause the electrons are attracted to both nuclii pulling the twoatoms apart would require energy.
If the atoms get two closethen the nuclii will repell each other. If two atoms get close enough together then the electrons of eachatom will be attracted to both nuclii. Since electrons are negative they are attracted to the nucleusbecause it is positive.
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